what is aic in diabetes

The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a blood test used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes. It measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Here’s how it works:

• What it measures: The A1C test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When sugar enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin. The higher your blood sugar levels, the more sugar-coated hemoglobin you have.
• Why it’s important: The A1C test provides a long-term view of your blood sugar levels, unlike daily blood sugar checks, which only show a snapshot of your levels at a single point in time.
• A1C ranges:
  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or above

For people with diabetes, the A1C goal is typically 7% or less, but your doctor may set a different target based on your health.

Note: Certain conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or blood disorders can affect A1C accuracy. Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.