what is h1c in diabetes

The A1C test (also known as the HbA1c or hemoglobin A1C test) is a blood test used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes. It measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Here’s how it works:

• What it measures: The A1C test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
• Why it’s important: Unlike daily blood sugar tests, which provide a snapshot of your glucose levels at a single point in time, the A1C test gives a broader picture of your blood sugar control over time.
• Diagnostic ranges:
  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or above

For people with diabetes, the A1C test is also used to monitor how well their treatment plan is working. The goal for most adults with diabetes is to keep their A1C level below 7%, though this may vary based on individual health conditions.

Note: Certain conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or blood disorders can affect A1C accuracy. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice.