how does the hemoglobin a1c test work

The Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. Here's how it works:

• Hemoglobin and Glucose Binding: When sugar (glucose) enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells. This forms glycated hemoglobin (A1C).
• Measurement: The test calculates the percentage of your red blood cells that have glucose-coated hemoglobin. Higher blood sugar levels result in a higher percentage.
• Time Frame: Since red blood cells regenerate every 3 months, the A1C test reflects your average blood sugar levels over that period.

Key Points:

• Normal Range: Below 5.7%
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
• Diabetes: 6.5% or above

The A1C test is a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes, but it doesn't replace daily blood sugar monitoring.