what is hemoglobin glycated

Glycated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1c or A1C, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. It is used as a key indicator of long-term blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes. Here’s how it works:

• Formation: When glucose enters the bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The amount of glucose that binds to hemoglobin depends on the average blood sugar levels over time.
• Measurement: The A1C test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated. This provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months, as red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days.
• Diagnostic Use: The A1C test is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well blood sugar is being managed in people with diabetes.

A1C Level Diagnosis

Below 5.7% Normal
5.7%–6.4% Prediabetes
6.5% or higher Diabetes

Factors like anemia, kidney disease, or certain medications can affect A1C accuracy, so it’s important to discuss results with a healthcare provider.