what is the difference between hemoglobin and hemoglobin a1c

Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are related but serve different purposes in the body and in medical diagnostics.

Hemoglobin

• Function: Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
• Structure: It consists of four protein chains (globulin molecules) and four heme groups, which contain iron and bind oxygen.

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

• Function: HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. It is used as a long-term measure of blood glucose levels.
• Measurement: The HbA1c test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated (bound to glucose) over the past 2-3 months, providing an average blood sugar level.
• Clinical Use: It is primarily used to diagnose and monitor diabetes and prediabetes.

Key Differences

Aspect Hemoglobin Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

Primary Role Oxygen transport Indicator of long-term blood glucose levels Measurement Not typically measured directly Measured as a percentage of glycated hemoglobin Clinical Use General health indicator Diabetes diagnosis and management

Understanding these differences is crucial for interpreting blood tests and managing conditions like diabetes.