what is glycated hemoglobin

Glycated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1c or A1C, is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. It is used as a key indicator of long-term blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes or prediabetes.

Key Points:

• Formation: When glucose enters the bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells. The amount of glycated hemoglobin formed is proportional to the average blood glucose levels over time.
• Measurement: The A1C test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated. This provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months, as red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days.
• Diagnostic Use: The A1C test is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well blood sugar levels are being managed.

A1C Ranges:

A1C Level (%) Diagnosis

Below 5.7 Normal
5.7 - 6.4 Prediabetes
6.5 or higher Diabetes

Why It Matters:

• Long-Term Monitoring: Unlike daily blood sugar tests, the A1C test provides a broader picture of blood sugar control over time.
• Health Risks: Higher A1C levels are associated with an increased risk of diabetes complications, such as heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve damage.

For more information, consult your healthcare provider or refer to trusted sources like the CDC.