how do you diagnose type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed using one or more of the following tests:

• A1C Test: Measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Results are interpreted as follows:

  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or above

• Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) Test: Measures blood sugar after an overnight fast. Results are interpreted as follows:

  • Normal: Less than 100 mg/dL
  • Prediabetes: 100 to 125 mg/dL
  • Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or higher

• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar before and 2 hours after drinking a glucose-rich drink. Results are interpreted as follows:

  • Normal: Less than 140 mg/dL
  • Prediabetes: 140 to 199 mg/dL
  • Diabetes: 200 mg/dL or higher

• Random Blood Sugar Test: Measures blood sugar at any time, regardless of when you last ate. A result of 200 mg/dL or higher suggests diabetes.

If you have symptoms of diabetes (e.g., frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss), a single abnormal test result may be sufficient for diagnosis. Otherwise, a second test is usually required to confirm the diagnosis.