what is an a1c test

The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is commonly used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well you are managing your condition if you have diabetes.

How Does It Work?

• The test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When glucose enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin.
• The higher your blood sugar levels, the more glucose attaches to hemoglobin.
• Red blood cells regenerate every 3 months, which is why the A1C test reflects your average blood sugar levels over that time period.

A1C Results and What They Mean:

A1C Level Diagnosis

Below 5.7% Normal 5.7% to 6.4% Prediabetes 6.5% or higher Diabetes

Why Is It Important?

• It provides a long-term view of blood sugar control, unlike daily blood sugar checks, which only show a snapshot.
• It helps healthcare providers adjust treatment plans for diabetes management.

For more details, visit the CDC's A1C Test page.