how is hemoglobin a1c calculated

The Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have glucose-coated hemoglobin. Here's how it works:

• Process: When sugar enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells. The A1C test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it.
• Timeframe: Since red blood cells regenerate roughly every 3 months, the A1C test reflects your average blood sugar levels over that period.
• Calculation: The result is given as a percentage. For example, an A1C of 6% means that 6% of your hemoglobin is coated with glucose.

A1C Ranges:

A1C % Diagnosis

Below 5.7% Normal
5.7% - 6.4% Prediabetes
6.5% or above Diabetes

This test is crucial for diagnosing and managing diabetes and prediabetes.