what is a1c hemoglobin

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It works by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin (a protein in red blood cells) that is coated with sugar (glycated).

• How it works: When glucose enters the bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin. The A1C test measures the percentage of hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it.
• Purpose: It is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well blood sugar levels are being managed over time.
• Normal ranges:
  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or above

This test is particularly useful because it provides a long-term view of blood sugar levels, unlike daily glucose tests which only show a snapshot.