what is hemoglobin a1c

Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is commonly used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, as well as to monitor how well your diabetes is being managed.

How It Works:

• Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
• Glucose Attachment: When sugar enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin. The more glucose in your blood, the more it attaches to hemoglobin.
• A1C Measurement: The test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have glucose-coated hemoglobin.

A1C Ranges:

• Normal: Below 5.7%
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
• Diabetes: 6.5% or above

Why It’s Important:

• Diagnosis: Helps identify prediabetes or diabetes.
• Management: Tracks how well your blood sugar is controlled over time.
• Goal Setting: For most people with diabetes, the goal is to keep A1C levels below 7%.

Factors Affecting Accuracy:

Certain conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or certain medications can affect A1C results. Always consult your healthcare provider for accurate interpretation.