what does a1c in diabetes mean

The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is a key tool for diagnosing and managing diabetes and prediabetes.

What Does A1C Measure?

• The A1C test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When glucose (sugar) enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin.
• The higher your blood sugar levels, the more glucose attaches to hemoglobin.

A1C Ranges:

• Normal: Below 5.7%
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
• Diabetes: 6.5% or above

Why Is A1C Important?

• It provides a long-term view of blood sugar control, unlike daily glucose tests, which only show a snapshot.
• It helps healthcare providers assess how well your diabetes management plan is working.

A1C Goals:

• For most people with diabetes, the goal is to keep A1C levels below 7%.
• Your doctor may set a different target based on your age, health, and other factors.

Factors Affecting A1C Accuracy:

• Conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or certain medications can affect A1C results.
• Always inform your doctor if you have any of these conditions.