what is a1c mean in diabetes

The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is a key tool in diagnosing and managing diabetes and prediabetes.

• How it works: The test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin. Since red blood cells regenerate every 3 months, the A1C test reflects your long-term blood sugar control.
• A1C ranges:
  • Normal: Below 5.7%
  • Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

For people with diabetes, the A1C test helps monitor how well their treatment plan is working. The goal for most adults with diabetes is to keep their A1C level below 7% to reduce the risk of complications.