what does a1c mean in diabetes

The A1C test, also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test, is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2 to 3 months. It is a key tool for diagnosing and managing diabetes and prediabetes.

How It Works:

• Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
• Glucose Attachment: When sugar enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin. The more glucose in your blood, the more it attaches to hemoglobin.
• A1C Percentage: The test measures the percentage of your red blood cells that have sugar-coated hemoglobin.

A1C Ranges:

• Normal: Below 5.7%
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
• Diabetes: 6.5% or above

Why It Matters:

• Diagnosis: Helps diagnose prediabetes and diabetes.
• Management: Monitors how well your diabetes treatment is working.
• Goal: For most people with diabetes, the target A1C is below 7%, but your doctor may set a different goal based on your health.

Limitations:

• The A1C test does not replace daily blood sugar monitoring, as it does not capture blood sugar spikes or lows.
• Certain conditions like anemia, kidney disease, or blood disorders can affect A1C accuracy.

For more details, visit CDC's A1C Test Guide.