how does hemoglobin a1c work

The Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Here's how it works:

• Hemoglobin and Glucose Binding: When sugar (glucose) enters your bloodstream, it attaches to hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells. The more glucose in your blood, the more it binds to hemoglobin.
• A1C Measurement: The A1C test calculates the percentage of hemoglobin that is coated with glucose. This percentage reflects your average blood sugar levels over time.
• Red Blood Cell Lifespan: Red blood cells live for about 3 months, so the A1C test provides a long-term view of blood sugar control.

Key Points:

• Normal A1C: Below 5.7%
• Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
• Diabetes: 6.5% or above

The A1C test is a crucial tool for diagnosing and managing diabetes, but it doesn't replace daily blood sugar monitoring.